Box Breathing

Box breathing, also known as square breathing, four-square breathing, or sama vritti pranayama, is a simple deep breathing technique that involves inhaling, holding the breath, exhaling, and holding again for equal lengths of time—typically four seconds each. It draws its name from the "box" shape formed by the four equal stages, which can help distract the mind, slow down breathing, and promote relaxation.  This practice is commonly used by high-stress professionals like Navy SEALs, soldiers, police officers, and athletes, but it's accessible to anyone for managing everyday stress, improving focus, or resetting the breath after tense situations. It works by regulating the autonomic nervous system, shifting from the "fight or flight" response to a calmer "rest and digest" state. 

How to Do Box Breathing

Box breathing is straightforward and can be practiced anywhere—in a chair, standing, lying down, at work, or in public—though starting in a quiet, comfortable environment is ideal for beginners. 

• Prepare your position: Sit upright in a comfortable chair with your feet flat on the floor, back supported, and hands relaxed in your lap (palms up if preferred). Alternatively, stand or lie down on your back. Relax your shoulders, keep your spine neutral, and close your eyes if it helps focus. Place one hand on your chest and one on your stomach to monitor deep breathing—your stomach should rise more than your chest.

• Exhale fully: Breathe out slowly through your mouth to release all the air from your lungs and abdomen. Focus on the sensation of emptying your lungs. 

• Inhale: Breathe in slowly and deeply through your nose for a count of 4 (each count about 1 second), feeling the air fill your lungs from top to bottom and expand into your abdomen. Be conscious of the breath without straining. 

• Hold the breath: Pause and hold your breath for another count of 4. Avoid clamping your mouth or nose shut. Keep it relaxed. 

• Exhale: Slowly breathe out through your mouth for a count of 4, expelling the air completely from your lungs and abdomen. 

• Hold again: Pause and hold your breath for a final count of 4 before repeating the cycle.

• Repeat the full cycle (steps 3-6) for 3-4 rounds, or up to 4-5 minutes, until you feel calm and centered. 

• If you're new, start with a few normal breaths to observe your pattern before beginning. 

Box breathing offers a range of mental and physical benefits, supported by studies, making it a valuable tool for stress management and overall well-being. 

Reduces stress and anxiety: It lowers cortisol levels, eases panic, and activates the parasympathetic nervous system to promote relaxation, helping with overwhelming situations or hyperventilation. 

Improves mood and emotional well-being: Regular practice can enhance emotional control, psychological flexibility, and reduce symptoms of depression, with positive effects on gene activation related to stress and inflammation. 

Enhances focus and concentration: By clearing the mind and delivering more oxygen to the brain, it improves mental clarity and helps with tasks requiring attention, like studying or decision-making. 

Aids sleep: It promotes relaxation to help fall asleep faster and achieve more restful sleep, especially for those with insomnia. 

Supports cardiovascular and respiratory health: It can lower blood pressure, decrease heart rate, and may improve lung function or breathing frequency in conditions like COPD, while reducing overall stress on the heart. 

Other benefits: It may assist in pain management, calm the autonomic nervous system, and improve future stress responses, with greater effects from long-term practice.

For beginners: If 4 seconds feels too long, start with 2 or 3 seconds per stage and gradually increase to 5 or 6 as you get comfortable. Avoid straining. Stay at a pace that feels natural.

Visualization aid: Imagine tracing the sides of a box or square with your mind as you move through each stage to maintain rhythm and focus.

When to practice: Incorporate it into your routine for 3-5 minutes daily, such as upon waking, during breaks, before bed, or in stressful moments like before a speech or after a tough day. Practice even when not stressed to build the habit.

Safety notes: It's generally safe, but stop if you feel dizzy or breathless, and consult a doctor if you have heart conditions, high blood pressure, lung issues like COPD, are pregnant, or have other severe health concerns.

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Buteyko Breathing

Buteyko breathing, also known as the Buteyko Method, is a therapeutic breathing technique developed in the 1950s by Ukrainian physician Konstantin Buteyko. It focuses on reducing overbreathing (hyperventilation) by encouraging slower, lighter, and more controlled nasal breathing. The core idea is that many people chronically breathe too much air, which disrupts the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body, leading to various health issues. 

Instead, the method promotes nasal breathing, breath holds, and reduced breath volume to normalize breathing patterns and improve overall health. It gained popularity in the 1990s in places like Australia and the UK and is often taught through courses or instructors.

Research and anecdotal evidence suggest Buteyko breathing can help manage several conditions by improving breath control, reducing stress on the respiratory system, and restoring natural breathing habits. Key benefits include:

1. Asthma Management: It may reduce asthma symptoms, such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath, by stabilizing breathing patterns and decreasing the need for reliever medications like bronchodilators. Studies have shown improvements in symptom control and a potential reduction in corticosteroid use, though it doesn't typically improve lung function itself.

2. Improved Sleep and Reduced Snoring/Sleep Apnea: By promoting nasal breathing and deeper rest, it can alleviate snoring, insomnia, and sleep apnea, leading to better sleep quality and fewer interruptions.

3. Anxiety and Stress Reduction: The technique activates the parasympathetic nervous system, helping lower heart rate, blood pressure, and anxiety levels, making it useful for stress management and even mild depression symptoms.

4. Better Respiratory Function and Energy: It enhances overall lung function, increases oxygen delivery efficiency, and boosts energy and concentration by correcting dysfunctional breathing patterns.

It may help with conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), eustachian tube dysfunction (ear pressure issues), and even athletic performance by improving breath efficiency during exercise.  The British Thoracic Society has given it a "B" grade for evidence in asthma management, indicating supportive clinical trials, but results vary by individual. It's often used as a complementary therapy alongside medical treatments.

Always breathe through your nose unless specified otherwise, and stop if you feel anxious, short of breath, or uncomfortable—resume normal breathing and consult a doctor if needed.

Preparation:

Sit upright on the floor or a chair with a straight spine. Relax your shoulders, jaw, and breathing muscles. Breathe normally through your nose for a few minutes to settle. Place the tip of your tongue between where your incisors meet the gums in order to increase the surface area needed for more nitric oxide production. 

The “Control Pause” (Beginner-Friendly) measures and improves your breath-hold tolerance:

1. After a normal exhale, gently pinch your nose closed with your thumb and index finger.

2. Hold your breath until you feel a mild urge to breathe (e.g., a slight diaphragm twitch—don't push to discomfort).

3. Release your nose and inhale normally through your nose.

4. Breathe normally for at least 10 seconds.

Repeat 3-5 times.

Aim for a control pause of 20-40 seconds initially; with practice, it may reach 60 seconds.

The “Maximum Pause” Once you are comfortable with the Control Pause:

1. After a normal exhale, pinch your nose closed.

2. Hold your breath as long as possible, up to moderate discomfort (typically twice your control pause length).

3. Release and inhale normally through your nose.

4. Breathe normally for at least 10 seconds.

Repeat 3-5 times.

Additional Techniques

1. Reduced Breathing: Sit relaxed and take shallow, light nasal breaths for 3-5 minutes, focusing on minimizing air intake (e.g., feel minimal airflow under your nose with a finger). This builds CO2 tolerance.79d326

2. Nose Unblocking: If congested, exhale, pinch your nose, and gently nod or sway your head until you need to breathe strongly. Release and breathe normally. Repeat with 1-minute breaks.

3. Mouth Taping (for Sleep): Use gentle tape (like medical-grade) over your mouth at night to encourage nasal breathing, but only if you're comfortable and can breathe nasally during the day.

Practice in a quiet, comfortable environment, ideally before meals or 2 hours after eating. Track progress by measuring your control pause weekly.

While generally safe, Buteyko breathing isn't for everyone and should not replace medical treatment. Consult a doctor first, especially if you have asthma, hypertension, heart disease, epilepsy, or other serious conditions. Some criticisms include limited recent research, potential view as pseudoscience, and no proven long-term effects on lung function. 

Temporary side effects may occur, like headaches, fatigue, excess mucus, or mild flu-like symptoms, which usually resolve. If it feels too challenging, alternatives include diaphragmatic breathing, box breathing, or the 4-7-8 method.

Dry Fasting and Me

Dry fasting, also known as absolute fasting, is a type of fasting where you abstain from both food and all liquids, including water, tea, coffee, or any beverages. It's distinct from water fasting, where liquids are allowed but food is restricted. There are two main variations: soft dry fasting, which permits external contact with water (like showering or brushing teeth), and hard dry fasting, which avoids all water exposure. This practice has roots in religious observances, such as Ramadan (where it's often done from dawn to dusk) or Yom Kippur, but it's also adopted for health or personal reasons outside of spiritual contexts.

How to Do Dry Fasting

Dry fasting can be approached in different ways, but it's generally more intense than other fasting methods, so starting gradually is common advice.

1. Preparation: Before beginning, focus on nutrient-dense meals with healthy fats, proteins, and complex carbs (e.g., eggs, fatty fish, avocados, vegetables) to stabilize energy levels. Avoid processed or sugary foods that could spike hunger later. Ensure you're well-hydrated and in good health beforehand.

2. Types and Schedules: It can be intermittent (short daily periods, like 12-16 hours) or prolonged (up to 24 hours or more, though longer durations increase risks). Common integrations include the 16:8 method (16 hours fasting, 8 hours eating window) or dawn-to-dusk fasting, similar to Ramadan practices. Soft dry fasting is often recommended over hard for beginners to allow basic hygiene.

3. During the Fast: Abstain completely from food and liquids. Monitor your body's signals—stop if you feel unwell. Short durations (e.g., 10-12 hours) are suggested for starters, gradually building up if tolerated.

4. Breaking the Fast: End slowly with easy-to-digest, nutrient-rich foods like bone broth, fermented items, or small portions of protein and fats. Rehydrate gradually with water and electrolytes to avoid issues. Avoid large meals or simple carbs right away.

Consult a healthcare provider before starting, especially if you have any medical conditions, as individual tolerance varies.

Health Benefits

Dry fasting has been linked to several potential benefits, though much of the evidence comes from studies on short-term practices like dawn-to-dusk fasting during religious periods, rather than extended secular dry fasting. Research is limited and often observational.

1. Weight Loss and Metabolic Improvements: It can lead to reductions in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and body fat, primarily through water weight loss initially, but potentially true fat loss over time. Studies show improvements in insulin resistance, blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism, which may lower risks for diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

2. Reduced Inflammation: Observational studies, including one with 13 participants with elevated BMI fasting for 30 days dawn-to-dusk, found significant decreases in inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha), suggesting it may alleviate low-grade chronic inflammation tied to obesity.

3. Enhanced Autophagy and Cellular Repair: It may promote autophagy (cellular recycling), aiding DNA repair, immune regulation, and detoxification. Some research links it to better tumor suppression and anti-aging effects.

4. Cardiovascular and Other Benefits: Potential reductions in heart disease risk factors like apolipoprotein B, along with improved skin health (e.g., reduced acne, faster wound healing) and circadian rhythm regulation

Benefits appear more pronounced in short, structured fasts (e.g., 12-14 hours) and for those with conditions like obesity, but long-term effects need more research. Safer alternatives like intermittent or water fasting may offer similar advantages without full liquid restriction.

Risks and Precautions

While some benefits are reported, dry fasting carries significant risks, mainly from dehydration, and is not recommended by many health experts for extended periods.

1. Dehydration and Related Issues: The primary danger is dehydration, which can cause dry mouth, thirst, headaches, fatigue, dizziness, low blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances, seizures, kidney damage, heatstroke, or even coma and death in severe cases. I suppose if I sleep for 8 hours that would be considered a short dry fast. Like most of us, I wake up with a very dry mouth. In anticipation of doing a 24-hour dry fast, I bought 50 oral swabs on Amazon: https://a.co/d/1mvRgLc 

2. Other Side Effects: Hunger, irritability, mood swings, nutritional deficiencies, urinary problems, potential eating disorders, and cardiovascular complications. Prolonged fasting may exacerbate these.

Who Should Avoid It: 

Not suitable for pregnant or nursing individuals, children, the elderly, those with eating disorders, underweight people, or conditions like diabetes, kidney issues, or neurodegenerative disorders. Studies on short dawn-to-dusk dry fasting report no adverse events when hydration is maintained outside fasting windows, but overall, evidence emphasizes caution. If trying it, limit it to short periods, monitor health, and seek medical advice.

I currently fast for 24 hours from Saturday at 4:00 p.m. until Sunday at 4:00 p.m. when I treat myself to a meal at a restaurant. I'm going to give the dry fast a shot next weekend.